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Introduction
November 11 – 23, 2013, Warsaw, Poland was the venue for the nineteenth annual United Nations Local weather Change Convention, also referred to as the nineteenth Convention of the Events — or COP 19.
The aim of this convention was to create a loss and injury pillar of a brand new local weather treaty to be finalized in 2015. The opposite two pillars mentioned in earlier conferences are mitigation (emission reductions) and adaptation pillars.
Assembly end result
The principle end result of the assembly was the institution of a global mechanism for a loss and injury related to local weather change impacts .
Predictably, the loss and injury facet of local weather negotiations introduced out the worst in some nations. Some growing nations had been going to withstand the thought of financing adaptation to local weather change, whereas others appeared to hate the thought of local weather reparations for poor nations. A number of years earlier, industrialized nations had made a authorized dedication to a worldwide local weather fund. Unsurprisingly, not a lot got here of it, as Inter Press Service summarized,
In 2009 on the semi-infamous Copenhagen talks, the wealthy nations made a cope with growing nations, saying in impact:
We’ll offer you billions of {dollars} for adaptation, ramping as much as 100 billion {dollars} a 12 months by 2020, in change for our mitigation amounting to small CO2 cuts as an alternative of creating the large cuts that we should always do.The cash to assist poor nations adapt flowed for the primary three years however has largely dried up. Warsaw was imagined to be the
Finance COPto carry the promised cash. That did not occur.Nations like Germany, Switzerland and others in Europe solely managed to scrape collectively guarantees of 110 million {dollars} into the Inexperienced Local weather Fund. Growing nations wished a assure of 70 billion a 12 months by 2016 however had been blocked by the U.S., Canada, Australia, Japan and others.
It obtained to the purpose that a whole lot of representatives from varied NGOs walked out of the negotiating rooms to protest towards developed nations’ reluctance to decide to a loss and injury mechanism. And this was a day after the G77+China group of 133 growing nations walked out of negotiations over the identical factor.
Wanting via the briefing stories from the revered NGO, the Third World Community, It appears that evidently on the floor, whereas an end result was ultimately thrashed out, there are numerous areas of weak spot of enough vagueness to fulfill everybody that contentious points which might be seemingly resolved can nonetheless be challenged and altered sooner or later.
In context: frequent however differentiated duties
A few years in the past all nations agreed that local weather change was largely the results of actions from right now’s industrialized nations, as carbon dioxide — the principle greenhouse gasoline — stays within the ambiance for many years. But, the poorest would find yourself struggling probably the most for an issue they largely didn’t trigger. The approaches to mitigation (emissions discount) would subsequently be totally different for these teams of nations — the frequent however differentiated duties precept.
It’s on this context that the dialogue for loss and injury has come about. And it’s one thing that wealthy nations are eager to do away with .
The years of resistance on this challenge (and lots of others) means every time it’s mentioned once more the reactions appear to get much more hostile. Mixed with the dearth of detailed context within the mainstream media protection of this facet, it then turns into simpler every time to see culprits as China and India given their huge greenhouse emissions lately, in comparison with the far higher quantity by the industrialized nations over the longer interval. See this website’s part on local weather justice for extra detailed background.
In context: Hurricane Haiyan
The assembly got here on the time when the devastating Hurricane Haiyan had simply killed 1000’s within the Philippines and affected hundreds of thousands extra. It was an ominous warning of what could possibly be extra frequent as local weather change continues to take maintain.
It was additionally an instance of how poorer nations could possibly be affected by an issue they’ve largely not been answerable for and that whereas all of the worldwide outpouring of support and help was extremely welcome, that help for stopping and adapting to such occasions is paramount and efforts are urgently wanted to curb emission will increase.
In an emotional speech the Philippines lead negotiator for the convention, Naderev Saño, obtained a standing ovation for saying that he’ll go on a starvation strike till a significant end result is in sight.
Lack of urgency
Inter Press Service (IPS) famous the seeming lack of urgency given the years and years of delay and watering down of significant motion:
To have likelihood at staying underneath two levels C, industrialised nations must crash their CO2 emissions 10 p.c per 12 months beginning in 2014, mentioned Kevin Anderson of the Tyndall Centre for Local weather Change Analysis on the College of Manchester.
We are able to nonetheless do two C however not the way in which we’re going,Anderson mentioned on the sidelines of COP 19 in Warsaw. He questioned why negotiators on the within are usually not reacting to the fact that it’s too late for incremental modifications.
I’m actually surprised there isn’t any sense of urgency right here,he advised IPS.
Extra info
Because the convention continues to be underway as this web page is written, extra info can be added right here after the occasion is over.
For extra in regards to the points from different organizations, listed here are some beginning factors:
Information tales from IPS
Under is a listing of tales from Inter Press Service associated to the Warsaw local weather convention and its aftermath.
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Our Well being is at Stake: The Options SIDS Must Battle Local weather Change
– Inter Press Service
KINGSTON, Jamaica, Jan 08 (IPS) – Local weather change is among the most severe world threats to the way forward for the world’s inhabitants. Its affect extends far and broad, from the economic system to governance to the very well being and well-being of society.
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The local weather disaster: 5 issues to be careful for in 2025
– UN Information
The Amazonian metropolis of Belém, Brazil, would be the world focus of efforts to deal with the local weather disaster subsequent 12 months, when it hosts some of the vital UN local weather conferences lately. Nonetheless, properly earlier than the occasion in November, 2025 will see loads of alternatives to make vital progress on a number of climate-related points, from the staggering ranges of plastic air pollution to financing the shift to a cleaner world economic system.
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UN World Courtroom concludes landmark hearings on States’ duty for local weather change
– UN Information
The Worldwide Courtroom of Justice (ICJ) held historic hearings from 2 to 13 December addressing States’ obligations underneath worldwide regulation to fight local weather change, a course of spearheaded by small island nations going through existential threats.
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The Local weather Disaster as a Diplomatic Battlefield
– Inter Press Service
ACCRA, Ghana, Dec 18 (IPS) – The local weather disaster, a defining problem of the twenty first century, is not only an environmental challenge; it’s more and more a crucial enviornment for worldwide diplomacy. From intense negotiations at COP summits to the politics of vitality transitions and useful resource management, local weather change is shaping the geopolitical panorama.
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America’s Local weather Carousel
– Inter Press Service
ABERDEEN, Scotland, Dec 17 (IPS) – The rhythmic swing of American local weather coverage has taken one other dramatic flip. With Donald Trump’s return to the US presidency in mid-January subsequent 12 months, the worldwide local weather group will discover itself bracing for what many concern can be one other American exodus from the Paris Settlement.
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How an African Bioeconomy Can Strengthen Agrifood Programs within the Context of a Altering Local weather
– Inter Press Service
DAKAR, Senegal, Dec 16 (IPS) – From elevated pests and illnesses to decrease crop yields and excessive climate occasions, the antagonistic impacts of local weather change on agriculture in Africa can’t be overstated.
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COP29: Advancing work for Local weather Finance and for Local weather-Tailored Agri-Meals Programs
– Inter Press Service
GENEVA, Dec 12 (IPS) – Frustrations over the tempo of local weather motion and the dimensions of the finance goal agreed in Baku are legitimate from the angle of low-income nations, particularly Small-Island Growing States (SIDS). It’s also vital to acknowledge that there was actual progress in some nations on the agri-food-nutrition-climate-water-nature-livelihoods intersection, and this appears to be notably the case in some nations within the Alliance of Champions for Meals Programs Transformation (ACF).
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As soon as Scattered by Colonialism, In the present day United in Pressing Pursuit of Local weather Justice
– Inter Press Service
THE HAGUE & NAIROBI, Dec 11 (IPS) – The Seychelles contemplate the continuing public hearings on the Worldwide Courtroom of Justice (ICJ) each well timed and significant “for the individuals of the small island growing state in the midst of the Indian Ocean,” Flavien Joubert, Minister for Agriculture, Local weather Change and Surroundings of the Seychelles, advised the court docket right now.
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Pacific Neighborhood Calls Out Urgency of Local weather Loss and Injury Finance for Frontline Island Nations
– Inter Press Service
SYDNEY, Dec 10 (IPS) – Advancing growth of the brand new Local weather Loss and Injury Fund was a key name by Pacific Island nations on the COP29 United Nations Local weather Change Convention being held in Azerbaijan in November. For Pacific Island Nations and Territories, the fund represents a crucial step in the direction of addressing what they contemplate a gross local weather injustice: regardless of contributing lower than 0.03 p.c of world greenhouse gasoline (GHG) emissions, they bear the brunt of local weather change’s devastating impacts.
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For the Human Race, Ignoring the Local weather Emergency Is No Longer an Choice’
– Inter Press Service
THE HAGUE, Dec 10 (IPS) – If lives and livelihoods are to be protected, if we need to keep away from utter disaster, there merely is not any time to lose. As has typically been mentioned, we’re the primary era to really feel the affect of local weather change, and undoubtedly, we’re the final era that may do one thing about it.—Mansoor Usman Awan, Lawyer Normal of PakistanAt the Worldwide Courtroom of Justice (ICJ), irrespective of if the nation had excessive Himalayas, was a small island nation or was experiencing armed battle, all of them agreed that the due diligence precept and the duty of states to forestall hurt brought on by local weather change, particularly for prime greenhouse gasoline emitters, had been non-negotiable.
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African Union, Nations Lay Naked Local weather Vulnerabilities at UN’s Prime Courtroom
– Inter Press Service
THE HAGUE & NAIROBI, Dec 06 (IPS) – Kenya agrees with many UN member states testifying earlier than the Worldwide Courtroom of Justice (ICJ) that the regulation of worldwide duty ought to maintain nations legally answerable for main injury to the worldwide local weather system.
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Local weather Finance Not Charity, However Obligation, Worldwide Courtroom of Justice hears
– Inter Press Service
THE HAGUE & SRINAGAR, Dec 05 (IPS) – Growing nations mustn’t bear the brunt of the local weather disaster brought on by the industrialized world’s historic emissions. This was the resounding message because the Solomon Islands, India, and Iran, amongst others, offered their circumstances earlier than the Worldwide Courtroom of Justice (ICJ).
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States Individually Accountable For Contributions to Local weather Change—Fiji
– Inter Press Service
THE HAGUE, Dec 05 (IPS) – At The Hague, the United Nation’s highest court docket heard Fiji, a small island nation, lay out its arguments on the risk posed by local weather change and the authorized obligations, particularly these of developed nations.
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Turning To Regenerative Practices and Soil Microbes To Battle Results of Local weather Change
– Inter Press Service
URBANA, Illinois, US, Dec 04 (IPS) – Not too long ago, on the UN local weather convention COP29, nations agreed to do all the pieces essential to spend money on local weather options to guard lives and livelihoods from worsening local weather change impacts and to construct a affluent world. That is vital. Certainly, each effort have to be made by our leaders to guard lives and livelihoods.
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Local weather Change’s Dire Penalties Laid Naked at Worldwide Courtroom of Justice Hearnings
– Inter Press Service
THE HAGUE & SRINAGAR, Dec 04 (IPS) – On the Worldwide Courtroom of Justice on Tuesday, December 4, 2024, Brazil referred to as for local weather justice, and Canada urged swift motion on the world’s “biggest problem,” whereas China advocated for fairness and growth rights. These nations are among the many 98 that will make displays throughout the fortnight of hearings, after which the court docket will give an advisory opinion.
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Small Island States Demand Worldwide Courtroom Look Past Local weather Treaties For Justice
– Inter Press Service
THE HAGUE & JOHANNESBURG, Dec 02 (IPS) – Nations going through existential crises as a result of local weather change have requested the Worldwide Courtroom of Justice within the Hague to look past local weather treaties, just like the Paris Settlement, when it considers its opinion on the obligations of high-emitting UN member states.A number of UN member states accountable for almost all of emissions have breached worldwide regulation, Ralph Regenvanu, a particular local weather envoy from Vanuatu, advised the Worldwide Courtroom of Justice within the Hague in his opening tackle.
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Youth-Led Landmark Local weather Change Case Begins in The Hague
– Inter Press Service
JOHANNESBURG, Dec 02 (IPS) – Youth and local weather activists imagine that the Worldwide Courtroom of Justice’s advisory opinion will ship a robust authorized sign that UN member states can’t ignore their authorized duties to behave and defend the setting towards local weather change.The intersection of regulation, diplomacy, and science will come underneath the highlight on the Worldwide Courtroom of Justice hearings beginning right now (Monday, December 2, 2024) in The Hague because the court docket begins its deliberations into the obligations underneath worldwide regulation of UN member states to guard individuals and ecosystems from local weather change.
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Landmark local weather change hearings signify largest ever case earlier than world court docket
– UN Information
A report variety of oral statements are anticipated to be offered to the Worldwide Courtroom of Justice (ICJ) as extremely awaited public hearings on States’ authorized obligations with respect to local weather change obtained underway on Monday.
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A New Compass for Local weather Motion
– Inter Press Service
PORT VILA, Vanuatu, Nov 29 (IPS) – The local weather disaster has grow to be devastating the world over over the previous few months: tremendous typhoons sweeping via the Western Pacific, unprecedented superstorms within the Gulf of Mexico, raging wildfires throughout the Amazon rainforest, extreme flooding in Central and Japanese Europe, simply to say a number of. Rising seas and intensifying storms threaten to devastate communities and erase complete nations from the map.
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Nature, Local weather, and Prosperity: Unlocking the Energy of Built-in Motion
– Inter Press Service
NEW YORK, Nov 26 (IPS) – Because the world faces escalating challenges, from local weather change to biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation, there may be now a quickly increasing understanding that these crises are deeply interconnected.
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Navigating International Local weather Challenges: Views from China’s COP29 Delegation
– Inter Press Service
BAKU, Nov 23 2024 (IPS) – As COP29 attracts to a detailed, voices from various areas have make clear their contributions, challenges, and aspirations in tackling the local weather disaster.
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Getting ready for local weather chaos in Timor-Leste, one of many world’s most susceptible nations
– UN Information
Timor-Leste, a younger island nation in Southeast Asia, is especially susceptible to the ravages of the local weather disaster. A mix of expertise, group data and UN help might assist to make sure that casualties and injury are stored to a minimal, the subsequent time excessive climate hits.
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COP29 local weather talks conclude with $300 billion annual pledge, however growing nations name deal ‘an insult’
– UN Information
UN local weather negotiations wrapped up early on Sunday morning in Baku, with rich nations pledging to take a position no less than $300 billion a 12 months to the worldwide combat towards local weather change. Growing nations who had been in search of greater than $1 trillion in help referred to as the deal an “insult” and mentioned that it failed to offer the crucial help they wanted to successfully deal with the local weather disaster.
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Local weather Change in Azerbaijan is Placing Ladies at Elevated Danger of Gender-Based mostly Violence
– Inter Press Service
PARIS, Nov 22 (IPS) – Local weather change exacerbates current gender inequalities and gender-based violence. At COP29 in Azerbaijan, governments have been urged to prioritize gender-responsive local weather insurance policies that tackle the particular wants of ladies and women, and severe considerations have been raised about backtracking on ladies’s rights throughout these essential negotiations on local weather motion.
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Migration Remittances: Pursuit of Greener Pastures Opens Door for Local weather Financing
– Inter Press Service
BAKU, Nov 22 (IPS) – COP29 delegates have elaborated on how Africa’s dependency on agriculture is changing into more and more untenable amidst alarming ranges of world warming, wrecking havoc on the sector. Coastal communities, pastoralists, and people within the drylands are within the thick of the local weather chaos.
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UN’s OCHA Calls to Right the Imbalance in Local weather Finance Allocation
– Inter Press Service
BAKU, Nov 22 (IPS) – As climate-induced disasters proceed to wreak havoc worldwide, the Workplace for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), a UN physique specializing in emergency response, has issued a clarion name for an bold and honest world local weather finance aim at COP29. Gray Puley, Head of the Local weather Staff at OCHA, highlighted the urgent want for enhanced catastrophe threat discount and local weather resilience measures, notably in susceptible and conflict-affected areas.
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The place Is Psychological Well being in International Local weather Negotiations?
– Inter Press Service
BAKU, Nov 22 (IPS) – The psychological well being impacts of local weather change are usually not broadly mentioned, however growing proof exhibits how local weather change is affecting psychological well being and elevating the danger of recent psychological well being challenges. Specialists say that current programs are usually not geared up to deal with the present and extra challenges associated to well being and psychological well being brought on by local weather change.
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COP29 draft deal proposes rich nations give $250 billion in local weather finance
– UN Information
A brand new draft finance deal delivered to harried negotiators in Baku on Friday – the ultimate scheduled day for the UN local weather talks which were underneath approach for the previous two weeks – proposes wealthy nations commit $250 billion a 12 months to assist susceptible nations address our warming planet and to speed up the worldwide swap to renewable vitality.
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Who Ought to Pay for Local weather Loss and Injury?
– Inter Press Service
DAKAR, Senegal, Nov 21 (IPS) – On the UN local weather change convention in Baku (COP29), authorities officers are scrambling for an settlement on a brand new local weather monetary bundle. There’s a properly established consensus that the local weather disaster is exacerbating the hardships of susceptible communities all over the world. The query now’s who’s going to pay for the staggering prices?
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Therapeutic Minds, Empowering Ladies: Ghanas Local weather Change Battle
– Inter Press Service
BAKU, Nov 21 (IPS) – As local weather change wreaks havoc throughout the globe, its results are most acutely felt by these residing in susceptible coastal and rural communities.
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